Epoch TOPICS CONTEXTS PERSPECTIVES ACTIVITIES METHODS FIGURES HELP TIME LINE Acknowledgements ACTIVITY 3 Exploring persepctives ACTIVITY 1 Using the timeline ACTIVITY 2 Using the biographies ACTIVITY 5 Using the figures, methods, perspectives, topics and context icons ACTIVITY 4 Exploring Topics Ainsworth Allport Baddeley Baron-Cohen Asperger Asch Binet Bartlett Bilig Belbin Bowlby Bruce Buss Cattell Ceci Byrne Bruner Bryant Cohen Cosmides Chomsky Cooper Charcot Conway Damasio Darwin Costa Dawkins Csikszentmihalyi Crick Erikson Eysenck Ekman Descartes Ebbinghaus Dennet Frith Freud Anna Freud Sigmund Falschung Fodor Festinger Goffman Gibson Goodall Galton Goldberg Gathercole Gregory Humphrey James Heider Janet Goodman Kahneman Lazarus Jung Kanner Klein Kelly Mayo McCrae Luria Loftus Lorenz Maslow Neisser Norman Morton Milgram Milner Mead Potter Plomin Piaget Pinker Penfield Pavlov Tajfel Sperry Skinner Saywitz Spears Rogers Triesman Turner Tulving Tooby Taylor Thorndike Weiskrantz Vrij Aldert Warrington Watson Vygotsky Tversky Wundt Zimbardo Whiten Wetherell You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours

Map Node Icon: NormanD.jpg Norman url anchor

Views:  FIGURES, TIME LINE, Bruce, Conway

Reference Node Icon: NormanD.jpg  url anchor

Note Node Norman, Donald url anchor

Reference Node Icon: red-16.png Attention url anchor

Attention is most often referred to as the cognitive capacity to focus on certain aspects of our perception , while (at least temporarily) disregarding information about other parts of our perceptual environment. In practice, the 'disregarded' items are probably still being cognitively-processed, even though we may not be consciously aware of it. A good example of this is the 'cocktail party effect': we may choose to focus on conversation with one other person in a busy party, but if someone in a 'disregarded' conversation nearby mentions our name, we will frequently notice it and look round. This shows that even 'unattended' material is still being processed to some extent. In evolutionary terms, it would be rather useful for our perceptual system to let us know that a sabre-toothed tiger was bounding towards us, intent on making us its next meal, while we were concentrating on lighting the fire to roast a bit of mammoth. url anchor
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Map Node Icon: BRUCE.jpg Bruce url anchor

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Reference Node Icon: red-16.png CMC url anchor

Computer-Mediated Communication is the process by which people create, exchange, and perceive information using networks or computers, for example via internet chat rooms, e-mail, bulletin boards, newsgroups and so on. CMC can be used to refer to any form of communication between people which is mediated in some significant way by computer. Although a recent innovation, it is already producing quite distinct relational patterns compared to other forms of human interaction.\nA related field is that of HCI (human-computer interaction), or the research field which studies how people interact with computers. This clearly has significant implications for both the computer hardware and software industries, looking for commercial advantage to improving the extent to which computers can facilitate successful interactions with people. url anchor
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Note Node Norman's influence is both in the development of cognitive science, and more recently in the design of technology. According to Norman: url anchor

Note Node When Lindsay left in 1970 to travel the world the group name was changed to the Cognitive Science Lab, which led later to the Department of Cognitive Science (of which Norman was a founder and the first Chair). url anchor

Note Node Source: www.jnd.org Written by: Course Team url anchor

Note Node Norman received a BS degree from MIT (1957) and a MS (1959) degree from the University of Pennsylvania, both in Electrical Engineering. His doctorate, from the University of Pennsylvania, is in Mathematical Psychology (1962). url anchor

Note Node The technological problems today are sociological and organizational as much as technical. In this n ew age of portable, powerful, fully-communicating tools, it is ever more important to develop a humane technology, one that takes into account the needs and capabilities of people. url anchor

Note Node Norman was also one of the founders of the Cognitive Science Society, chair of the society and editor of its journal, Cognitive Science, activities that did much to shape the development of Cognitive Science as a discipline. url anchor

Note Node Following his PhD, Norman was first a Research Fellow then a lecturer at the Centre for Cognitive St udies and Department of Psychology at Harvard University between 1962 and 1966. During this time, the Centre for Cognitive Studies was headed by George Miller, one of the founders of cognitive psychology. url anchor

Note Node In 1993 he became Professor Emeritus in the Department of Cognitive Science at the University of California, San Diego, and began a varied career incorporating stints as Vice President and head of the Apple Research Laboratories at Apple Computer (1993-1997), Head of the Appliance Design Centre at Hewlett-Packard (1997-1998) and most recently, as president of UNEXT Learning systems (a for-profit distance education provider). url anchor

Note Node The technical problems are relatively easy. It is the people-part that is hard: the social, psychological, cultural, and political problems are the ones that are the most difficult -- and the most essential -- to address. url anchor

Note Node In 1966 Norman joined the University of California, San Diego where he remained for 27 years. In 196 8 he began a cognitive psychology research group (called LNR) with Peter Lindsay and Dave Rumelhart. url anchor

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