Anti-psychiatry movement (1960 - 1975). The anti-psychiatry movement developed from criticisms of the medical model of mental illness, best exemplified by Thomas Szasz's 'Myth of Mental Illness' (first published in 1961). According to Szasz, a medical approach to mental illness is untenable because the symptoms treated by the psychiatrist involve a subjective judgement that what a patient says is not believable. Szasz began his assault in psychiatry by stating that:\nI submit that the traditional definition of psychiatry, which is still in vogue, places it alongside such things as alchemy and astrology, and commits it to the category of pseudo-science (Szasz, 1987, p. 17). One of the outcomes of Szasz's version of anti-psychiatry is that those traditionally defined as 'mad' should be made to take responsibility for their actions and, hence, should be seen as 'bad', not mad. A different approach is taken by another figurehead of the anti-psychiatry movement, R.D. Laing (1964). According to Laing, schizophrenia is effectively a label rather than a mental illness. The goal of treatment should not be to address the patient's symptoms, but rather to accept their experience as valid, and potentially meaningful. The goal of treatment is thus to guide the patient through their experiences, so that the experience is beneficial and the outcome is enlightenment, rather than medical intervention. However, there is little evidence that experiencing schizophrenia makes one a 'better person', and the outcomes of Laing's treatment were not often enlightenment for the patient. Nevertheless, the focus of the anti-psychiatry movement on the power of labelling has influenced how mental illness is represented to both patients and society. 
Conformity can relate to social behaviour or personal attitudes, and refers to the tendency to follow closely the norms of a particular group concerning 'appropriate' ways to think and behave.
Sociology. Although the origins of sociology can be traced back to the nineteenth century with the work of pioneers such as Max Weber, Emile Durkheim and Auguste Comte, it has been one of the more recent of the social sciences to establish itself as a discipline of university study within the Anglo-American tradition. Sociology could be defined very broadly as 'the study of society'; for example, researching into structures, change, and conflict within society. However, as with psychology, there are many disagreements about what should be the appropriate subject matter, aims, and methodology of sociology. Sociologists such as Marx and Parsons focus on social structures and institutions (e.g. capitalism, or the nuclear family); other sociologists such as Weber study social interactions on a much smaller scale (e.g. how individuals and groups develop social relationships). A third approach takes as its focus the study of collective representations: looking at how many of the ways in which we make sense of the world are constructed at societal levels (e.g. representations of political parties such as Labour and the Conservatives). Like psychology, modern sociology has given birth to a number of closely-related fields, such as cultural studies.\nSome branches of psychology have been heavily influenced by sociology, for example the broad approach to studying social psychology called 'sociological social psychology' (SSP). Instead of tackling social psychology by establishing the principles governing the individual, and then seeing how these are modified in a social setting, SSP approaches make the social central and view it as inseparable from individual processes. Instead of seeing the social context as simply another 'variable', they ask questions such as 'in a particular social setting, how do the social and cultural practices actually act to construct the individual, as he or she develops from childhood?'.
ntra-group behaviour refers to the internal dynamics of groups, or the ways in which group members interact with one another. It has been studied from a number of perspectives, such as psychodynamic and experimental.