Elton Mayo 
Occupational This discipline is sometimes also called industrial psychology, though it actually has a broader focus, in that it involves researching ways of enhancing the optimum functioning and well-being of people in work organizations of any kind. Basically, it involves examining the psychology of how people work, and interact with their work environment, in order to help enhance staff satisfaction and efficiency. As well as looking at individuals in organizations like factories, hospitals, etc. occupational psychology can also look at behaviour of the organization as a whole. For example, this could involve researching ways of overcoming organizational problems, or helping instigate structural changes to the organization, from a psychological viewpoint.\nSome of the other functions performed by occupational psychologists involve personnel practices such as selection, appraisal, advising people on job choice, and redundancy counselling. Other aspects could involve helping improve teamwork and decision making, and training managers in psychological skills to enhance supervision and organizational/management strategy. Psychometric measurement through standardised tests is an important tool used in many of these functions.\nA sub branch of the discipline is sometimes known as ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY. This focuses on machine/operator interaction. For example, ensuring that machines are designed in such a way that takes into account the cognitive and physical capacity of the operator. It could also involve analysis of the methods used by people working with machines or other tools, to enhance efficiency and/or safety.
IIndustrial psychology was the original term for what is now often called occupational psychology. It involves researching ways of enhancing the productivity and well-being of people in work organizations. Key relationships studied include that between the worker and management, and workers and their machines.
Sociology. Although the origins of sociology can be traced back to the nineteenth century with the work of pioneers such as Max Weber, Emile Durkheim and Auguste Comte, it has been one of the more recent of the social sciences to establish itself as a discipline of university study within the Anglo-American tradition. Sociology could be defined very broadly as 'the study of society'; for example, researching into structures, change, and conflict within society. However, as with psychology, there are many disagreements about what should be the appropriate subject matter, aims, and methodology of sociology. Sociologists such as Marx and Parsons focus on social structures and institutions (e.g. capitalism, or the nuclear family); other sociologists such as Weber study social interactions on a much smaller scale (e.g. how individuals and groups develop social relationships). A third approach takes as its focus the study of collective representations: looking at how many of the ways in which we make sense of the world are constructed at societal levels (e.g. representations of political parties such as Labour and the Conservatives). Like psychology, modern sociology has given birth to a number of closely-related fields, such as cultural studies.\nSome branches of psychology have been heavily influenced by sociology, for example the broad approach to studying social psychology called 'sociological social psychology' (SSP). Instead of tackling social psychology by establishing the principles governing the individual, and then seeing how these are modified in a social setting, SSP approaches make the social central and view it as inseparable from individual processes. Instead of seeing the social context as simply another 'variable', they ask questions such as 'in a particular social setting, how do the social and cultural practices actually act to construct the individual, as he or she develops from childhood?'.