Epoch TOPICS CONTEXTS PERSPECTIVES ACTIVITIES METHODS FIGURES HELP TIME LINE Acknowledgements ACTIVITY 3 Exploring persepctives ACTIVITY 1 Using the timeline ACTIVITY 2 Using the biographies ACTIVITY 5 Using the figures, methods, perspectives, topics and context icons ACTIVITY 4 Exploring Topics Ainsworth Allport Baddeley Baron-Cohen Asperger Asch Binet Bartlett Bilig Belbin Bowlby Bruce Buss Cattell Ceci Byrne Bruner Bryant Cohen Cosmides Chomsky Cooper Charcot Conway Damasio Darwin Costa Dawkins Csikszentmihalyi Crick Erikson Eysenck Ekman Descartes Ebbinghaus Dennet Frith Freud Anna Freud Sigmund Falschung Fodor Festinger Goffman Gibson Goodall Galton Goldberg Gathercole Gregory Humphrey James Heider Janet Goodman Kahneman Lazarus Jung Kanner Klein Kelly Mayo McCrae Luria Loftus Lorenz Maslow Neisser Norman Morton Milgram Milner Mead Potter Plomin Piaget Pinker Penfield Pavlov Tajfel Sperry Skinner Saywitz Spears Rogers Triesman Turner Tulving Tooby Taylor Thorndike Weiskrantz Vrij Aldert Warrington Watson Vygotsky Tversky Wundt Zimbardo Whiten Wetherell You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours You can check your answers against ours

Map Node Icon: Gibson.JPG Gibson url anchor

Views:  FIGURES, TIME LINE

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Note Node Gibson, James Jerome url anchor

Reference Node Icon: red-16.png Perception /Vision url anchor

Perception is a very broad term, which covers all those cognitive/brain processes involved in receiving and interpreting information about our environment, via one of the sense organs. For example, vision involves an experience of objects in three dimensions, with a sense of how far they are from us, how large they are, how fast they are moving, and many other factors.Perception involves a complex chain of processing by the brain. The raw stimuli produced by sense organs such as eyes and ears is organised and interpreted by increasingly more complex brain processes into more holistic perceptions of objects having a certain size, distance, colour etc. The actual human experience of perception doesn't just involve receiving a series of disconnected visual or auditory impulses: a great deal of brain processing goes into organising this material into coherent entities. For example, instead of seeing a series of disconnected black and white stripes and blobs, there might be a perception of your cat leaping towards you. Some psychologists have tried to simulate perception via computer models (sometimes embodied in simple robots), and this has shown what complex processes perception involves. url anchor
Views:  TOPICS, Bartlett, Ebbinghaus, Gibson, Gregory, James, Norman, Triesman, Wundt

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Note Node It was from this work that he developed the notion of ecological perception in a dynamic, visually rich, world. Gibson's theories are not easily classified within the perspectives we have chosen, as his work was really a reaction to the traditional approach to perception typified by the early work of Bishop Berkeley some 300 years ago. url anchor

Note Node He was also influenced by - but did not always agree academically with – his wife Eleanor Jack Gibson. url anchor

Note Node Gibson proposed an alternative nativist approach basing the supplementation of the perceived image in the innate functioning of the mental apparatus which intrinsically imposes a three-dimensional structure on two-dimensional stimulation and makes use of the richness of a dynamic and ever-changing visual world to do so. url anchor

Note Node J.J.Gibson (1904 – 1979) was born in the USA and studied at both Princeton and Edinburgh Universities. url anchor

Note Node These influences perhaps explain his approach to perception which eschewed the notion of extensive cognitive processing being necessary to perceive the world in favour (as mentioned above) of 'direct perception'. url anchor

Note Node He taught Psychology at Smith College (1928-1949) and Cornell (1949-1972). During World War II he was the director of a research unit in Aviation Psychology for the US Air Force. url anchor

Note Node This traditional approach suggested that perceptual information was incomplete and therefore needed to be supplemented in some way by the experience of the individual. url anchor

Note Node His unit studied and constructed tests that could be used to guide pilot selection. Like Broadbent , the work Gibson did during the war influenced his later work in psychology. He had become particularly interested in the information from the visual world available to pilots when taking off and landing, which he called 'optic flow' patterns to characterise the notion of the visual image flowing past the moving aircraft. url anchor

Note Node It is an ecological approach, suggesting how perception might operate in the 'real world' with the emphasis on the function of perception rather than the mechanism. url anchor

Note Node Written by: Course Team url anchor

Note Node Gibson's approach has therefore been included in cognitive psychology – if only as a reaction to it. Gibson was influenced by Kurt Koffka, a Gestalt psychologist. url anchor

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