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The Repertory Grid is a method developed by George Kelly, based on his Personal Construct theory. The basis of this theory is to examine the 'personal constructs' through which individuals make sense of their worlds. Kelly saw these constructs as bei... |
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Surveys involve the collection of much less detailed information than case studies, but include much larger samples. Survey data can be either descriptive (finding out about certain characteristics of the group being examined) or explanatory (aiming ... |
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Psychometric (assessment and techniques). Psychometric methods involve measuring psychological characteristics, such as personality, intelligence or aptitudes. Statistical techniques are particularly important, to establish reliability (does the test... |
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Genetic research. Human genetic research involves the study of inherited human characteristics. In the context of DSE212, the focus is particularly on possible insights into the origins of our psychological characteristics, including possible disorde... |
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Physiological measurement. This approach takes measurements of human physiology (the structures and functions of the nervous system), to show how our biology affects our behaviour and experience. It can involve measuring the levels of hormones such a... |
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Clinical observations: case studies. Case studies in clinical medicine involve a detailed account of careful clinical observations, taking the personal history of the patient in relation to the illness, describing the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment(s... |
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Developmental psycholinguistics. This research method focuses on empirical study of the processes and stages involved in the development of language in children. Despite the great complexity of language, virtually all children quickly and easily reac... |
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Observation is clearly distinguished from experiments by the absence of any intervention. The method is often used in everyday social settings to observe behaviour 'naturalistically', but it is also sometimes used in laboratory settings (though often... |
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Introspection. Essentially, this method involves attempting to examine one's own psychological experiences (i.e. the contents and processes of the conscious mind) and report back what is found. This was one of the main methods of the early pioneers o... |
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Experimental (incorporating: Multivariate experimental comparison, Quantitative data collection, Intervention, Quasi-experimental, Cross-sectional) Quantitative data collection Experiments tend to focus on quantitative data, i.e. information in the f... |
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Modelling – theoretical, cognitive, neurological. A psychological model is a theoretical construct which aims to help psychologists understand psychological phenomena through simplification. This is done by developing a representation that aims to r... |
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Qualitative Research. The main focus of qualitative research is on making sense of the meanings of psychological phenomena, rather than the quantitative focus on discovering cause-effect relationships using statistical analyses. In some research qual... |
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Neuroscience. Neurological scanning (e.g. MRI, PET) Techniques used involve neurological scanning of different parts of the brain (using complex and expensive apparatus with techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI, and Positron Emission ... |
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Philosophical Methods. Philosophy as an academic discipline covers a wide range of topic areas and methods (see perspective on philosophy). However, as a method, one of its key approaches is that of the thought experiment (these are also sometimes re... |
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Collecting, classification. This kind of approach is exemplified by the work of Charles Darwin, and provided the data he used as the basis for his theory of evolution. It basically involves travelling to different locations, collecting as many exampl... |
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Field research can take a wide variety of forms, but its essential characteristic is that it takes place in peoples' everyday social environments, as opposed to the artificial settings of a psychological laboratory (it is therefore seen as higher in ... |
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Longitudinal. Like age-based cross-sectional methods, this approach is designed to provide data on how people change over time. However, it overcomes the methodological problems of cross-sectional studies by making repeated measures on the same group... |
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